Abbreviations: ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; AI, artificial intelligence; AKT, protein kinase B; ARPI, androgen receptor pathway inhibitors; ASCO 23, American Society of Clinical Oncology Symposium 2023; BICR, blinded independent central review; BiTEs, bispecific T cell engagers; CAR T-cell, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell; CDK4/6, cyclin D kinase 4/6; CI, confidence interval; CRPC, castration-resistant prostate cancer; DDR, DNA damage repair; HR, hazard ratio; HRR, homologous recombinant repair; M0, cancer has not metastasized; M1, cancer has metastasized; mCRPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; mHSPC, metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; mos, months; MSI, microsatellite instability; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; NE, not estimable; NHT, novel hormonal therapy; nmCRPC, non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; nmHSPC, non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; NR, not reached; OI, opiate-initiation; OS, overall survival; PARPi, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; PCa, prostate cancer; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PET, positron emission topography; PFS, progression-free survival; PIK3A, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; RB1, retinoblastoma 1; rPFS, radiographic progression-free survival; SoC, standard of care; SPOP, speckle-type POZ protein; SUV, standard uptake value; TMB, tumour mutational burden; TP53, tumour protein 53; USA, United States of America; vs, versus.